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Lithium Cell Chemistries

Reference data for the five main lithium cell chemistries — click a chemistry for its full entity page. Values are typical ranges with a source annotation, not a substitute for a specific cell datasheet.

At a glance: The five chemistries span a deliberate trade-off: LFP is the safety/longevity default, NMC and NCA chase energy density, LTO trades energy for extreme cycle life and low-temperature charging, and LMFP lifts LFP's voltage for more energy without cobalt.

Directory

Chemistry	Full name	Nominal voltage	Energy density (cell)	Cycle life	Temperature window
LFP	Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄)	3.2 V	90–160 Wh/kg	2,000–5,000+	discharge −20 to +60 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C
NMC	Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide	3.6–3.7 V	150–220 Wh/kg	1,000–2,000	discharge −20 to +55 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C
NCA	Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide	3.6 V	200–260 Wh/kg	500–1,500	discharge −20 to +55 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C
LTO	Lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂)	2.3–2.4 V	50–80 Wh/kg	10,000–20,000	discharge −30 to +55 °C · charge −30 to +55 °C
LMFP	Lithium manganese iron phosphate	3.5–3.6 V	150–200 Wh/kg	2,000–4,000	discharge −20 to +55 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C

Energy density is cell-level (pack level is lower); cycle life is to 80% capacity at ~25°C and high depth of discharge. Figures are typical ranges — treat them as relative, not absolute.

Related references

Source: cross-verified from cell-manufacturer datasheets and battery engineering references. Last verified: 2026-09-18.

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